The world  where people buy and sell children, human beings...

The world where officially, according to the law the children who still alive are cut into parts and sold...

How long will a world like this last? And can we call this life?

Today, in India,  you can organize outsourcing concerning any kind of work  including… children bearing.

The reproduction tourism in India is a branch of the industry with the revenues of about $500 million per year.

The surrogacy services are offered  in 350 hospitals across the country, since it was legalized in 2002. In India, they affirm that the surrogacy is cheap, is strictly regulated, and relatively safe. The surrogacy can cost up to $ 100,000 in the United States, while many Indian clinics propose for the service in question  about $22,000 or less.

They ask a very few questions to the clients... Heterosexual couples, single parents, women who are so busy that they do not have time to give birth to a child, the doctors accept all these kinds of clients. As a bonus they propose that many Indians speak English, and the fact that Indian surrogate mothers, in comparison with citizens of other countries are much less inclined to use illicit drugs, medicines and narcotics. Besides, the medical standards in private Indian clinics are very high (unfortunately, not in all of them, because many Indian doctors leave their country).

Someone tends to call it a "zero risk enterprise": doctors get clients, childless people can have children, surrogate mothers earn money that they need so much...

But some publications in the mass media break these illusions.

In 2007 a Japanese couple the Yamadas arrived in India, to the "surrogate Queen”, Dr. Naina Patel, the foundress of the infertility treatment clinic “Akanksha”. An egg donor and a surrogate  mother were found, and the embryo implantation to the surrogate mother was carried out. However, even before the baby was born, the couple had divorced, and Ms. Yamada did not want to have a child who was biologically alien to them anymore. Mr. Yamada wanted to take the child, but he was not able to do this because of the Indian law which had existed since the colonial era and according to which it was prohibited to single men to become adoptive fathers of girls.

The lack of legal regulation in this case led to the situation when the baby called Manji became the first “surrogate orphan” in India until his father managed finally to take her several months later after the intervention of the Supreme Court.

There were other similar cases, involving Israeli, French and German citizens. The most shocking thing concerning this story is the problems of surrogate mothers themselves. Surrogate mothers, many of which are locked in  "surrogate homes" away from their families during all the pregnancy period , have often difficult financial situation. One woman told to a reporter that she had $ 4,000 of debt and her husband was a drunkard,  that first she thought about the kidney selling in order to get out of her debt, but then she decided that $ 7000 for the surrogacy will be for her "the best option to solve the problems."

Another alarming case: an Indian woman from the higher caste hired a surrogate mother to bear her child and invited her to live in their home during the pregnancy period. The rich client accused the surrogate mother of theft, and not only threw her out of the house, but in a very cool-blooded way  she told her that she no longer needed her services and that the surrogate mother had to terminate the pregnancy.

It happens very often that  the problem is that the surrogate mothers are paid only after the birth of the child, and this situation is economically devastating for them.

The surrogacy can also be of a serious contradiction with the ethical and religious beliefs of the surrogate mothers who may refuse to have an abortion.

In 2009 the Indian government started to search the ways to regulate this sector. The draft of the law on assisted reproductive technologies was submitted for the discussion at the session of the Parliament, and this resulted in a renewed interest concerning the ethical issues.

"Is the surrogacy an exploitation of the poor people? "-The fundamental question of discussion was like this. This topic was discussed in one of the episodes of Oprah Winfrey talk show on an Indian channel NDTV.

The professor of Medicine, Mohan Rao, who teaches at the prestigious Jawaharlal Nehru University, said that the country had witnessed a rapid growth of "reproductive trade," referring to the fact that most of poor surrogate mothers go from rural India to metropolitan centers and offer their services as the last possible way to get money for their own needs.

This point of view is fiercely contested by those who consider the surrogacy as a way to enlarge economic opportunities of Indian women and believe that a woman's decision should be free.

But this debate clearly goes beyond the usual discussion of the women’s rights escalation as well as their exploitation, and touches on something much more fundamental than a simple discussion on surrogate motherhood problems in India.

India in the 20th century jumped over several stages of socio-economic development and jumped directly into the stage of "services economy". Today, Indians create very actively advisory and technology centers, where the customers can get answers to all of their questions. In these centers, Indian young people receive a new kind of personal identity, using Western names and language. In fact, the Indians act as "surrogates", or “parents substitute” for the Western countries.

Thus, the "romantic idea" of India consists in organizing of the sales of human capital. In the aspect like this, the problem of surrogate motherhood is not only discussed within the context of the topic of the "exploitation of the poor people," but as an inevitable part of the "new India", where the "natives" provide so much needed services for a new global economy.

The forecasts concerning the "economic liberation" harmonize with the ideology of personal freedom. "I think the women should be free to choose what they do with their bodies," says Dr Aniruddha Malpani, reproduction specialists from Mumbai. "We should not treat them the same way as we did before, just because they are poor".

This appeal to the modern ideals of self-determination became the meaning of the ideology of members of the "new India", such as Dr Malpani and his clients. The problem is that the "surrogate mothers" themselves are not the members of the "New India".

Alan Greenspan says that "India is rapidly falling in two main pieces, into two worlds: on the one hand,  the rise of the "core of modernity" can be seen, but on the other hand, an ancient historical culture still exist". "The surrogate mothers, as a rule, derive from this "historical culture", which in its essence is a semi-feudal and pre-industrial.

This gap between the "new world" and the "world of traditions", which creates the basis for the exploitation in all the domains, including in the field of surrogate motherhood, is the root of the problem.

For a sensible implementation of their freedom, the information and education are needed (almost like Marx said: "Freedom is a recognized need"), but the most of the surrogate mothers are completely unaware of the essence of the surrogate motherhood, and of what the procedure can entail.

Even those who can read and write, are often unable to read the contracts, which are usually written in English. Quite often some illiterate women instead of signing the contract put their fingerprint. The lack of understanding between the "traditional" and "new" Indians also causes misconceptions about the essence of the surrogate motherhood. Many of them, for example, believe that they should "sleep with another man in order to conceive a child."

The cost of surrogacy also reinforces the social inequality: many of religious Indian clients of the "clinics" would prefer to choose a child born by the surrogate mothers of the upper caste of Brahmins, whose services are, by virtue of their high social origin, almost twice as expensive.

These problems are unlikely to become a serious obstacle to the development of the surrogate motherhood in India. In fact, we can assume that India is moving the way of the development of "surrogacy economics" based on the development of clinics networks and call centers in India, which specializes in the substitution of the Western civilization in "people’s production”…